The appointment
Tartar is removed with an ultrasonic scaler, then the teeth are polished to remove stains and leave a smooth surface. It takes about 30 minutes and is generally not painful; if your gums are sensitive, local anaesthetic is possible.
Bleeding gums: gingivitis or periodontitis?
Gingivitis is inflammation of the gum: it bleeds when you brush, but it is fully reversible with a clean and good brushing.
Periodontitis goes further: the bone around the teeth starts to shrink, gums recede, and teeth may become loose. Treatment involves deep cleaning under the gum (root planing) followed by regular maintenance. Smoking and diabetes make it worse.
Keeping it that way
Brush twice a day for two minutes, use floss or interdental brushes every evening, and have a clean once a year (every 6 months if your gums are fragile).
Frequently asked questions
Does scaling damage enamel?
No. It removes tartar without affecting enamel. The feeling of "thinner" teeth afterwards comes from the spaces the tartar used to fill.
My gums bleed — should I stop brushing?
No: keep brushing gently and book an appointment. Bleeding is a sign of inflammation that needs treating.
Does a clean whiten teeth?
It removes surface stains (tea, coffee, tobacco) and restores your natural shade, but doesn't lighten beyond that: that's what whitening is for.